Design of irrigation systems

Irrigation systems are: drip and sprinkler machines. In turn, sprinklers are divided into the following types:

• Circular
• Frontal
• Front-rotary
• Drums
• Splinkler

In addition, the irrigation of the object can be divided into regular and one-off. When using the regular irrigation of the territory of water to the plantations served depending on the needs of plants, meteorological and soil conditions at the site, as well as the organizational and economic opportunities. Regular irrigation of plantations improves water, air, thermal and nutritional modes of soil.

 The following factors should be taken into account when designing and constructing irrigation systems at landscape architecture:

• the relief of the object,
• soil power, its fertility, moisture content, water permeability, water resistance, degree and types of salinity, natural moisture,
• wind speed and direction,
• duration of precipitation and shortage of water in soil and air,
• intensity of evaporation, drainage of the territory,
• depth of occurrence and mineralization of groundwater,
• irrigation source and its water regime,
• water supply of the facility,
• vegetation.

 When estimating meteorological factors, they use probabilistic methods that determine both possible fluctuations in temperature during different periods and intra-annual temperature distributions. Of great importance is the quality of irrigation water, which is determined by its mineralization, the amount of suspended sediment, temperature, etc. In irrigation water content of soluble salts up to 0.1%, or 1 g / l is allowed. The permissible content of salts also depends on their chemical composition and water-physical properties of the soil. Yes, on light soils the permissible salt content is higher than on heavy soils.

By increasing the content of sodium salts, irrigation water can cause salty heavy soils if there is not enough calcium salts in the absorbing complex. Some increase in the content of salts in the soil is allowed in cases of heavy rainfall and soil washing (washing regime), small irrigation and irrigation standards, as well as at a high level of agricultural technology.

 Of great importance is the equipment used for irrigation. The company "VIK" provides a comprehensive selection of sprinklers and accessories, both foreign manufacturers and Ukrainian production.

 Irrigation water temperature affects the development of plants. Cold water (underground, glacial, etc.) should be preheated in shallow outdoor pools. When the water temperature is above 20 ° C the power of the root system increases and the development of plants increases, the effect of irrigation increases by 15 ... 20%.